Benefiting the locals
During my procurement career, I have achieved up to 50% of local purchases vs. imported material, in each and every country I have worked in.
This is mainly thanks to market studies I carry out ahead of starting to procure which includes visiting factories, fabricators, suppliers, contractors, etc. and performing an assessment of their facility, capability, quality, etc.
The "buying local" consists of one considering himself/herself as a local regardless of countries, nationalities, habits and languages, a way of being a citizen of this small world. I had however to observe a few rules to make things happen:
This is mainly thanks to market studies I carry out ahead of starting to procure which includes visiting factories, fabricators, suppliers, contractors, etc. and performing an assessment of their facility, capability, quality, etc.
The "buying local" consists of one considering himself/herself as a local regardless of countries, nationalities, habits and languages, a way of being a citizen of this small world. I had however to observe a few rules to make things happen:
- Always starting by a visit to the vendor's facility including a walk in the workshop, storage area including a stop the test lab of the manufacturer
- Making sure of the vendor's turnover, proportion of white and blue collars, and having when necessary, a Third Party inspector accompanying me for a deeper audit and granting a "GO" to place order.
- Eliminating local fabricators and manufacturers that are not able to meet international (or even national) standards
- Imposing a harsh quality control by either a company representative, a Third Party inspector or both on the ordered material and follow-up closely on the fabrication process.
- Making sure the facility fabricates itself the required piece of equipment and that sourced raw materials are traced
- Verifying no children are within the manpower.
Benefiting the locals is also social as it consists of hiring and training local people.
My experience in Saudi Arabia in particular where the famous "Saudization" ratio imposed by the authorities as a percentage of Saudi nationals within the overall staff of the company I manage, is the best example I can give for my personal efforts to promote local jobs.
My involvement in the AMAALA International Airport project in particular resulted in the hiring of a bit less than 20 locals and to cover several professions like accountant, assistant, security guard, engineer, document controller and more, despite the project being in the middle of the desert and of nowhere, between the coastal cities of Duba and Al Wajh. It was indeed my pleasure to win the challenge, recruit locals including female team members and allocate a special shuttle car for ensuring their transport to the construction site. This is happening in 2021, 9 years ahead of the Vision 2030 goals set by Saudi Arabia.
My experience in Saudi Arabia in particular where the famous "Saudization" ratio imposed by the authorities as a percentage of Saudi nationals within the overall staff of the company I manage, is the best example I can give for my personal efforts to promote local jobs.
My involvement in the AMAALA International Airport project in particular resulted in the hiring of a bit less than 20 locals and to cover several professions like accountant, assistant, security guard, engineer, document controller and more, despite the project being in the middle of the desert and of nowhere, between the coastal cities of Duba and Al Wajh. It was indeed my pleasure to win the challenge, recruit locals including female team members and allocate a special shuttle car for ensuring their transport to the construction site. This is happening in 2021, 9 years ahead of the Vision 2030 goals set by Saudi Arabia.
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Girls waiting for the bus before going to School in Chennai - India, 2005.
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A lady sells vegetables while the other assembles flower necklaces in Chennai - India, 2005
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Training and integrating others
I have started giving trainings to others since my very first job at INARA SARL, a company selling lighting fixtures.
The first training ever was for the secretary bacn in 1993 as I had to teach her about computers, electronic filing, Word and Excel.
Then a lighting training to the first sales engineer to join the company which included the basics of lighting, the specific nomenclature, etc.
I later developed a specific training of half day about the lighting basics, the different colors of light and their uses, etc. which I have given to Interior Design students at the company premises and later at the Lebanese University in 2001.
During the INARA SARL period, and in order to avoid traffic jams between my home and the office, I used to leave early and reach the office at 6:00am, then self-train on Autocad until 8:00 am. This is how I became aware of all Autocad tricks, having gone through the 1000 pages of a one of those manuals also called "bibles".
My newly developed Autocad skills needed some practice when I joined just on time ARCAN SARL, the electrical contractor in charge of the Casino Du Liban renovation. I was appointed to head the design department for the purpose of producing shop drawings. I was then training my subordinate engineers on Autocad, having set some standards to be followed in all drawings and being aware of so many features and functions thanks to my earlier self-training.
Later, I repeated the Autocad training in India for engineers that were hired by ARCAN for its Indian office and gave a 3-day course for a group of some 20 individuals. That was in 2004.
During my work in the Facility Management at MMG SAL, I had to train all engineers on the use of a CMMS, the Maximo software, which I implemented in the company in 2001 as an additional tas to my main job of Sales and Marketing Manager.
I had then joined the French giant of water treatment SUEZ as a Purchasing Manager, acting also as lead buyer on several projects and Category Manager. During this period, I had indeed trained several of my subordinates in Lebanon and Poland on different topics like:
My methods have led to SUEZ asking me to keep a French national trainee in my team in Lebanon and under a type of contract known as "VIE" in France.
I had two VIE trainees working with me for 1 to 2 years each, before joining back the head-office. This was from 2006 till 2010.
I later built a procurement team at KVA SAL, procuring exclusively electrical material for distribution grids and networks with no engineers in my team.
The team was continuously trained between 2012 and 2015; my no 2 was able to take over my duties when I left, thanks indeed to her personal skills but also to the intensive training she had while working with me.
I had to develop catalogues of products to translate the contract BOQ items into pictures and into their nomenclature in all three languages, French, Ebglish and Arabic so the team understands what to purchase and how to match the different references, especially we had built a 5 million USD strategic inventory.
By the end of the first quarter of 2020, and during the first lock-down resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic, I decided to develop trainings and have them given through MS Teams to my colleagues in the Middle East. In cooperation with BUTEC's HR Manager, I have developed and given two trainings as per below:
"Engineering for Non Engineers": a training of 3 sessions of 3 hours each about the construction market, the stakeholders, the jargon of construction, the meaning / importance of each bank guarantee, warranty, the different types of contracts like turnkey, EPC, BOT, Build Only, etc.
I have repeated this training three times, for Lebanon and UAE/Qatar teams in English and Algeria's team in French with a matter of 20 attendees for each.
"Cables Raceways In Industrial Facilities": a training given in two sessions of 3 hours each and repeated twice, once for the team in Lebanon and another time for the teams in UAE and Qatar. The training is about the different uses of the raceways and a comparison between conduits, trunkings, trays and ladders, also the technique of installation, the accessories to use, EMC compatibility, grounding, capacity, materials resistance, etc.
The first training ever was for the secretary bacn in 1993 as I had to teach her about computers, electronic filing, Word and Excel.
Then a lighting training to the first sales engineer to join the company which included the basics of lighting, the specific nomenclature, etc.
I later developed a specific training of half day about the lighting basics, the different colors of light and their uses, etc. which I have given to Interior Design students at the company premises and later at the Lebanese University in 2001.
During the INARA SARL period, and in order to avoid traffic jams between my home and the office, I used to leave early and reach the office at 6:00am, then self-train on Autocad until 8:00 am. This is how I became aware of all Autocad tricks, having gone through the 1000 pages of a one of those manuals also called "bibles".
My newly developed Autocad skills needed some practice when I joined just on time ARCAN SARL, the electrical contractor in charge of the Casino Du Liban renovation. I was appointed to head the design department for the purpose of producing shop drawings. I was then training my subordinate engineers on Autocad, having set some standards to be followed in all drawings and being aware of so many features and functions thanks to my earlier self-training.
Later, I repeated the Autocad training in India for engineers that were hired by ARCAN for its Indian office and gave a 3-day course for a group of some 20 individuals. That was in 2004.
During my work in the Facility Management at MMG SAL, I had to train all engineers on the use of a CMMS, the Maximo software, which I implemented in the company in 2001 as an additional tas to my main job of Sales and Marketing Manager.
I had then joined the French giant of water treatment SUEZ as a Purchasing Manager, acting also as lead buyer on several projects and Category Manager. During this period, I had indeed trained several of my subordinates in Lebanon and Poland on different topics like:
- Supply chain cycle
- Shipments and Incoterms
- L/C and payment terms
- The Purchase Order
- Invoice Matching
- Letters of Intent
- Copper hedging when buying electric cables
My methods have led to SUEZ asking me to keep a French national trainee in my team in Lebanon and under a type of contract known as "VIE" in France.
I had two VIE trainees working with me for 1 to 2 years each, before joining back the head-office. This was from 2006 till 2010.
I later built a procurement team at KVA SAL, procuring exclusively electrical material for distribution grids and networks with no engineers in my team.
The team was continuously trained between 2012 and 2015; my no 2 was able to take over my duties when I left, thanks indeed to her personal skills but also to the intensive training she had while working with me.
I had to develop catalogues of products to translate the contract BOQ items into pictures and into their nomenclature in all three languages, French, Ebglish and Arabic so the team understands what to purchase and how to match the different references, especially we had built a 5 million USD strategic inventory.
By the end of the first quarter of 2020, and during the first lock-down resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic, I decided to develop trainings and have them given through MS Teams to my colleagues in the Middle East. In cooperation with BUTEC's HR Manager, I have developed and given two trainings as per below:
"Engineering for Non Engineers": a training of 3 sessions of 3 hours each about the construction market, the stakeholders, the jargon of construction, the meaning / importance of each bank guarantee, warranty, the different types of contracts like turnkey, EPC, BOT, Build Only, etc.
I have repeated this training three times, for Lebanon and UAE/Qatar teams in English and Algeria's team in French with a matter of 20 attendees for each.
"Cables Raceways In Industrial Facilities": a training given in two sessions of 3 hours each and repeated twice, once for the team in Lebanon and another time for the teams in UAE and Qatar. The training is about the different uses of the raceways and a comparison between conduits, trunkings, trays and ladders, also the technique of installation, the accessories to use, EMC compatibility, grounding, capacity, materials resistance, etc.
Promoting Safety
Safety is often mistaken as being the duty of the "safety guy" or "safety team" with the responsibility of the managers being forgotten.
During my career as an engineer, I had always observed strict abidance by the safety rules on a construction site.
My procurement carrier took me to a different level of knowledge in safety matters however, as I had to dig deep into the safety requirements of the works, match the PPE specifications to the prevailing standards, source vendors, make deals, arrange safety trainings by the suppliers, etc.
Later and as a Manager, I had to show a strong involvement in safety as a mandatory contribution to the enforcement of the safety procedures on any site.
As a Manager, I remain safety oriented and don't attempt any savings when its comes to recruiting the proper staff with the necessary certificates and memberships, enroll other staff in safety trainings and encourage them to obtain certifications, enforce the use of PPE or the respect of speed limits, etc.
This included lately strict compliance with the Covid-19 pandemic precautionary measures of 2020/21, wearing masks, disinfecting offices, etc.
During my career as an engineer, I had always observed strict abidance by the safety rules on a construction site.
My procurement carrier took me to a different level of knowledge in safety matters however, as I had to dig deep into the safety requirements of the works, match the PPE specifications to the prevailing standards, source vendors, make deals, arrange safety trainings by the suppliers, etc.
Later and as a Manager, I had to show a strong involvement in safety as a mandatory contribution to the enforcement of the safety procedures on any site.
As a Manager, I remain safety oriented and don't attempt any savings when its comes to recruiting the proper staff with the necessary certificates and memberships, enroll other staff in safety trainings and encourage them to obtain certifications, enforce the use of PPE or the respect of speed limits, etc.
This included lately strict compliance with the Covid-19 pandemic precautionary measures of 2020/21, wearing masks, disinfecting offices, etc.
A worker wears a full set of PPE while laying the cable warning tape in a trench in the remote village of Kamed El Laouz in Lebanon back in 2014. An area where such safety practice didn't exist, not for humans, not for cables...if I hadn't personally obliged the subcontractor to abide by the rules and conducted regular site visits to make sure of the compliance.
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Durability
The expected lifetime of an installation plays a major role in any sustainable concept;
I remain impressed by the 1956 Westinghouse fridge that my parents acquired when they got married and which is still operating today in my own home.
The fridge failed only once as it leaked refrigerant from a corroded copper tube, or else its motor and compressor are still like new.
The door opens with a large chrome handle which spring is still as efficient as it was when the unit left the factory, and its thermostat, the only control it has, never failed.
Leaking an environment damaging R12 Freon gas once each 65 years is for sure less polluting and more environmental friendly than having to replace the fridge every 10-20 years, which is the lifetime of modern fridges. Those keep failing and some specific spares vanish from the market after a few years of purchase, especially electronic boards.
Putting it another way, all those appliances of modern times that are thrown away by their owners, are polluting the planet for ending in landfills and graveyards once damaged to beyond repair, while also costing several trips of a technician during their lifetime for different fixes and repairs. They end up being more planet damaging on all aspects except maybe the refrigerant, although this can be contested since many countries do not oblige scrappers to collect the gas, so in practice, modern fridges release 4 or 6 times more Freon in the atmosphere, and this could end up being more harmful.
I am proud for continuously attempting to obtain, install and commission equipment, materials and parts of installations that resemble the 1956 Westinghouse fridge durability and low cost of maintenance.
I remain impressed by the 1956 Westinghouse fridge that my parents acquired when they got married and which is still operating today in my own home.
The fridge failed only once as it leaked refrigerant from a corroded copper tube, or else its motor and compressor are still like new.
The door opens with a large chrome handle which spring is still as efficient as it was when the unit left the factory, and its thermostat, the only control it has, never failed.
Leaking an environment damaging R12 Freon gas once each 65 years is for sure less polluting and more environmental friendly than having to replace the fridge every 10-20 years, which is the lifetime of modern fridges. Those keep failing and some specific spares vanish from the market after a few years of purchase, especially electronic boards.
Putting it another way, all those appliances of modern times that are thrown away by their owners, are polluting the planet for ending in landfills and graveyards once damaged to beyond repair, while also costing several trips of a technician during their lifetime for different fixes and repairs. They end up being more planet damaging on all aspects except maybe the refrigerant, although this can be contested since many countries do not oblige scrappers to collect the gas, so in practice, modern fridges release 4 or 6 times more Freon in the atmosphere, and this could end up being more harmful.
I am proud for continuously attempting to obtain, install and commission equipment, materials and parts of installations that resemble the 1956 Westinghouse fridge durability and low cost of maintenance.
A paint technician performs a third-party witnessed paint thickness test at a workshop facility in Lebanon, on lime silos ordered for a project in Iraq back in 2010. I had imposed on all steel fabricators to partner with a paint specialist to provide the required guarantee of 5 years Re3 (Ri3) of EN 4628-3 Norm. The paint thickness test occurring after each coat is witnessed by the fabricator, the paint brand representative and a Third Party.
Continuing to work under difficult conditions
A famous whisky brand promotes the "Keep Walking" slogan which I believe is my motto in life!
I recall the day when the ceasefire was agreed after the war of 2006 in Lebanon, Johnnie Walker had simply replaced the line over which the "walker" walks, by a broken bridge referring to the thousand bridges that had been destroyed in Lebanon during this conflict.
A year after, the Lebanese branch of the French water treatment giant SUEZ, was cited as an example of courage when it comes to be engaged in work, since it continued working normally during the two months of conflict .
The team had attended office for two months despite the dangers of the nearby bombings, the destroyed bridges from homes to office, the lack of gasoline and electricity. We had even collected a 5 million Euros cheque payment from the Client.
No work is possible without difficulties and obstacles, and although not all are an extreme case like the above example, I remain indeed much satisfied by my daily problem solving combat, which I transmit to my team and keep preaching as one and only possible way forward.
I also faced several situations of under staffing during my career, up to recently in 2020/2021 due mainly to the Covid-19 pandemic, and indeed enjoyed filling the gaps and multitasking until the concerned owner of the activity is hired and starts working effectively. These remain the strongest moments and souvenirs of one's professional career, in case he/she simply contributed to bringing the ship to safe shores, without complaining, threatening or jumping out of it.
I recall the day when the ceasefire was agreed after the war of 2006 in Lebanon, Johnnie Walker had simply replaced the line over which the "walker" walks, by a broken bridge referring to the thousand bridges that had been destroyed in Lebanon during this conflict.
A year after, the Lebanese branch of the French water treatment giant SUEZ, was cited as an example of courage when it comes to be engaged in work, since it continued working normally during the two months of conflict .
The team had attended office for two months despite the dangers of the nearby bombings, the destroyed bridges from homes to office, the lack of gasoline and electricity. We had even collected a 5 million Euros cheque payment from the Client.
No work is possible without difficulties and obstacles, and although not all are an extreme case like the above example, I remain indeed much satisfied by my daily problem solving combat, which I transmit to my team and keep preaching as one and only possible way forward.
I also faced several situations of under staffing during my career, up to recently in 2020/2021 due mainly to the Covid-19 pandemic, and indeed enjoyed filling the gaps and multitasking until the concerned owner of the activity is hired and starts working effectively. These remain the strongest moments and souvenirs of one's professional career, in case he/she simply contributed to bringing the ship to safe shores, without complaining, threatening or jumping out of it.
Environment
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My perception of how one can save the planet became effective upon joining SUEZ, since the projects in which I was involved speak by themselves for being mainly waste water treatment plants.
I was involved in the procurement of process equipment and subcontracts for the below projects, all built in places where there was no sewer treatment before, and with many being on the sea shore itself, thus the importance and criticality of the plants.
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Planting a tree during the World Environment Day of June 5th, 2021 at the AMAALA International Airport jobsite, Saudi Arabia. Photo courtesy of Rawabi BUTEC Ltd Co.
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The respect of the environment during my professional career is not limited however to the nature of the project itself, since as an Electrical Engineer, it also consists of seeking to buy the most efficient motors and pieces of equipment and the reuse of generated biogas and/or heat. Such parameters are the most important out of a comparison table between vendors, which I rank both technically and commercially prior to proceeding on a choice.
Reducing emissions
During my professional career, I have pushed the local purchases in each and every country I worked in, to the maximum possible extents, reaching a ratio of 50% where no more than 10% where initially foreseen. This has drastically reduced the transport distances and consequent emissions and/or carbon footprint.
Although the raw material used by the local fabricator can still be imported, the voluminous and bulk finished or semi-finished product was assembled locally, meaning in the same or a nearby country.
My contribution to the emissions reduction was also reflected in the choice of the company vehicles, as I always favored and purchased the just sufficient engine or vehicle size, coupled to a manual gearbox. This did put me in some situations where I had to fight against the whole staff, especially younger generation who only drive automatic vehicles, or some managers who were expecting larger / bigger vehicles as a normal trend since the SUV boom.
In Saudi Arabia, I've built a fleet of vehicles with unusual brands for the market, limiting the engine size to the minimum necessary and consequently, the emissions. All the company cars are classified either as "Excellent" or "Excellent Plus" under the SASO label for fuel economy, the Saudi equivalent of MPG.
Although the raw material used by the local fabricator can still be imported, the voluminous and bulk finished or semi-finished product was assembled locally, meaning in the same or a nearby country.
My contribution to the emissions reduction was also reflected in the choice of the company vehicles, as I always favored and purchased the just sufficient engine or vehicle size, coupled to a manual gearbox. This did put me in some situations where I had to fight against the whole staff, especially younger generation who only drive automatic vehicles, or some managers who were expecting larger / bigger vehicles as a normal trend since the SUV boom.
In Saudi Arabia, I've built a fleet of vehicles with unusual brands for the market, limiting the engine size to the minimum necessary and consequently, the emissions. All the company cars are classified either as "Excellent" or "Excellent Plus" under the SASO label for fuel economy, the Saudi equivalent of MPG.
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Finally, I took advantage of the regrettable Covid-19 pandemic to use my skills for carrying out remote presentations on Power Point in order to suppress trips and travels and make the use of MS Teams and the likes to the maximum possible extents.
Noting however that I had tried such a situation back in 2010 when I couldn't fly to Paris after flights at Charles De Gaulle airport were disturbed due to snow fall. I had to present a major study on the "Global Purchasing" strategy, which finally occurred simply through connecting to a Webex meeting invite by phone. I had no sight of the audience and had to run the Power Point slides on my own laptop, while giving an indication to the coach of the meeting in Paris, for hitting the button at the same time there. The agreed signal was "top" followed by the coach name and so I spent an hour of "top Marie-Noelle" messages at each slide change. After an hour, I could only savor the one-minute applauds given by the audience.
Noting however that I had tried such a situation back in 2010 when I couldn't fly to Paris after flights at Charles De Gaulle airport were disturbed due to snow fall. I had to present a major study on the "Global Purchasing" strategy, which finally occurred simply through connecting to a Webex meeting invite by phone. I had no sight of the audience and had to run the Power Point slides on my own laptop, while giving an indication to the coach of the meeting in Paris, for hitting the button at the same time there. The agreed signal was "top" followed by the coach name and so I spent an hour of "top Marie-Noelle" messages at each slide change. After an hour, I could only savor the one-minute applauds given by the audience.
Respecting the landscape
I worked for a power utility in Lebanon between 2012 and 2015, as Procurement and Purchasing Manager, and this included subcontracts.
The Lebanese utility specifications do allow the use of Wooden poles for electrical conductors, yet no one had imported or used such poles in Lebanon for several decades, except for telecom, preferring to use locally built metal poles which generate more benefits to the contractor.
My employer KVA SAL was awarded the Beirut and Bekaa sectors, the latter being a fertile plateau between the Mont-Liban and the Anti-Liban mountains, with consequent picturesque landscapes. I had then reintroduced the wooden pole for Medium Voltage conductors application, which resulted in less costly, simpler and elegant lines, like the below ones that were installed near the village of Kawkaba.
The origin of the wooden Scandinavian poles was verified and checked prior to placing the order, for making sure it comes from a managed forest where trees are continuously replaced.
The Lebanese utility specifications do allow the use of Wooden poles for electrical conductors, yet no one had imported or used such poles in Lebanon for several decades, except for telecom, preferring to use locally built metal poles which generate more benefits to the contractor.
My employer KVA SAL was awarded the Beirut and Bekaa sectors, the latter being a fertile plateau between the Mont-Liban and the Anti-Liban mountains, with consequent picturesque landscapes. I had then reintroduced the wooden pole for Medium Voltage conductors application, which resulted in less costly, simpler and elegant lines, like the below ones that were installed near the village of Kawkaba.
The origin of the wooden Scandinavian poles was verified and checked prior to placing the order, for making sure it comes from a managed forest where trees are continuously replaced.
Ethics and clarity
One particular problem I faced during the 2012-2015 period was the fabrication of electricity poles for the Lebanese utility "Electricité du Liban", EDL.
I was then the Procurement and Purchasing Manager of KVA SAL, one of three service providers to whom EDL had outsourced a significant portion of its services.
The drawings of the low voltage and medium voltage enery masts date back to the 50's and 60's and show weights that are relatively high compared to what such poles would weigh in practice. The masts are billed to EDL per unit, and paid to fabricators per Kg, thus, any difference of what a pole could/should weigh as per drawings vs. what it weighs in practice, can be interpreted as a malicious act to generate savings to the contractor while cheating on the weight.
I had then organized a pole weighing and inspection day at the company's yard in order to have the Client witnessing and approving the weight and the quality of the poles fabrication process, once and for all. The inspection occurred in the presence of the Third Party (SGS) who documented all results.
The report was signed by all parties, which cuts short any misinterpretation of the purchasing process.
I was then the Procurement and Purchasing Manager of KVA SAL, one of three service providers to whom EDL had outsourced a significant portion of its services.
The drawings of the low voltage and medium voltage enery masts date back to the 50's and 60's and show weights that are relatively high compared to what such poles would weigh in practice. The masts are billed to EDL per unit, and paid to fabricators per Kg, thus, any difference of what a pole could/should weigh as per drawings vs. what it weighs in practice, can be interpreted as a malicious act to generate savings to the contractor while cheating on the weight.
I had then organized a pole weighing and inspection day at the company's yard in order to have the Client witnessing and approving the weight and the quality of the poles fabrication process, once and for all. The inspection occurred in the presence of the Third Party (SGS) who documented all results.
The report was signed by all parties, which cuts short any misinterpretation of the purchasing process.
The tests included dimensional checks, paint thickness measurement and a visual inspection of the welds as well in order to make sure of the continuity and the absence of welding slags. Both do contribute to the overal weight of the fabricated energy pole.
Tests were indeed repeated at fabricators' facilities, documented and compared to the benchmark evaluation, for each and every lot of ordered masts.
Tests were indeed repeated at fabricators' facilities, documented and compared to the benchmark evaluation, for each and every lot of ordered masts.
Staff Welfare Facilties
As the GM of Rawabi BUTEC, and having won in 2020 the AMAALA International Airport project near the NEOM city on the western coast of Saudi Arabia, I have equipped both staff and labor accommodation buildings, with Gym and indoor sport / recreational equipment.
The gym has created indeed a different mood between the staff members and facilitated communication and appreciation between individuals of different nationalities.
The gym has created indeed a different mood between the staff members and facilitated communication and appreciation between individuals of different nationalities.
The installation of a table tennis and babyfoot tables at the labors' accommodation is a lesser common practice, that I enforced based on equality principle.
This has added to the already spacious and comfortable facility, a touch of humanity and an additional reason for observing smiles on the faces by bringing entertainment to the reach of all.
This has added to the already spacious and comfortable facility, a touch of humanity and an additional reason for observing smiles on the faces by bringing entertainment to the reach of all.
